Subject(s)
Humans , China , Entomology , Forensic Entomology , Forensic Medicine , Forensic SciencesABSTRACT
La Entomología Forense (EF) es una rama de las ciencias médico-legales (Ortloff et al. 2012), que utiliza como herramienta clave a insectos y otros artrópodos que interactúan con un cuerpo en descomposición (Gennard, 2007). El presente estudio se basó en un diseño observacional descriptivo de tipo poblacional, en el que se evaluó la diversidad de dípteros de la familia Calliphoridae y Muscidae en la parroquia rural de Posorja, Guayaquil. En el proceso experimental en los biomodelos A y B, se obtuvo que las temperaturas mínimas diarias presentaron un promedio de 21 °C (entre 20 °C y 22 °C) en lo que respecta a las temperaturas máximas diarias presentaron un promedio de 29,50 °C (entre 26 y 31 °C). En ambos biomodelos experimentales A y B, la exposición directa a los rayos solares y el espacio de liberación abierto contribuyo con el desarrollo de los cambios post mortem de descomposición cadavérica, como son el cromatismo, hinchado, licuefacción y reducción. A la par, de la ocurrencia de la sucesión de dípteros de interés criminalisticos, pertenecientes a las familias Calliphoridae y Muscidae. La importancia de de este acercamiento a la fauna de interés forense dentro de la provincia de Posorja, se muestra en el abanico de oportunidades que abre, con miras a la futura incorporación de la entomología forense en investigaciones criminalísticas en casos de homicidios y negligencias. Sin embargo, todavía eisten numerosas dificultades dificultades para este tipo de estudio en el Ecuador, por lo que se propone divulgar la escala estacional y espacial de de estas investigaciones, a través de convenios que permitan replicarlos en diversas partes del país en distintos ecosistemas y bajo distintas condiciones climáticas(AU)
Forensic Entomology (PE) is a branch of the medico-legal sciences (Ortloff et al. 2012), which uses insects and other arthropods that interact with a decomposing body as a key tool (Gennard, 2007). The present study was based on a descriptive observational design of a population type, in which the diversity of diptera of the Calliphoridae and Muscidae families in the rural parish of Posorja, Guayaquil was evaluated. In the experimental process in biomodels A and B, it was obtained that the minimum daily temperatures presented an average of 21 ° C (between 20 ° C and 22 ° C) with regard to the maximum daily temperatures presented an average of 29, 50 ° C (between 26 and 31 ° C). In both experimental biomodels A and B, direct exposure to sunlight and the open release space contributed to the development of post-mortem changes in cadaveric decomposition, such as chromaticism, swelling, liquefaction and reduction. At the same time, the occurrence of the succession of diptera of criminalistic interest, belonging to the Calliphoridae and Muscidae families. The importance of this approach to the fauna of forensic interest within the province of Posorja is shown in the range of opportunities that it opens up, with a view to the future incorporation of forensic entomology in criminal investigations in cases of homicides and negligence. However, there are still numerous difficulties for this type of study in Ecuador, so it is proposed to disclose the seasonal and spatial scale of these investigations, through agreements that allow replication in different parts of the country in different ecosystems and under different weather conditions(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Guinea Pigs , Forensic EntomologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Forensic entomology is a frequently used tool to estimate the time interval between death and the discovery of the corpse. Succession of arthropods associated with cadaveric decomposition was monitored in a rural area of the Municipality of Florencia, Department of Caquetá, Colombia. Three pigs (Sus scrofa) were used as study models. Insect sampling, and monitoring of carcasses and environmental conditions were carried out every five hours. The total time from death to skeletonization was of 545 hours (22.7 days). A total of 30833 insect individuals were collected. Specimens were distributed in nine orders, 46 families, 95 genera and 106 species. Diptera was the most abundant, with 23215 individuals (75.3%), followed by Coleoptera, with 3711 individuals (12%), and Hymenoptera, with 3154 individuals (10.2%). Immature stages of Cochliomyia macellaria, Chrysomya albiceps, Hemilucilia semidiaphana and Ophyra aenescens were the main species involved in tissue consumption and acceleration of the decomposition process. Due to the presence of ants Cheliomyrmex sp., Camponotus sp. and Dinoponera sp., and coleopterans Hister sp., Acylophorus sp. and Philonthus spp., it was not possible to obtain sufficient Diptera egg masses for rearing the colonizing species. These results can be used as a standard to determine the postmortem interval in criminal investigations in the rural area of the Andean Amazon, Caquetá, Colombia.
RESUMO A entomologia forense é uma ferramenta frequentemente utilizada para estimar o intervalo de tempo entre a morte e a descoberta do corpo. Na área rural do município de Florencia, Caquetá, foi monitorada a sucessão de artrópodes associados à decomposição cadavérica, utilizando como modelo de estudo os cadáveres de três porcos (Sus scrofa). A amostragem de insetos e coleta de dados ambientais foram realizadas a cada cinco horas. A duração total do processo desde a morte até a esqueletização foi de 545 horas (22,7 dias). Foram coletados 30833 espécimes de insetos, distribuídos em nove ordens, 46 famílias, 95 gêneros e 106 espécies. Diptera foi o grupo mais representativo, com 23215 indivíduos (75,3%), seguido de Coleoptera, com 3711 indivíduos (12%) e Hymenoptera, com 3154 indivíduos (10,2%). Os estágios imaturos de Cochliomyia macellaria, Chrysomya albiceps, Hemilucilia semidiaphana e Ophyra aenescens foram as principais espécies envolvidas no consumo de tecidos e na aceleração do processo de decomposição. Devido à presença de formigas Cheliomyrmex sp., Camponotus sp. e Dinoponera sp. e de besouros Hister sp., Acylophorus sp. e Philonthus spp., não foi possível obter massas de ovos de Diptera suficientes para a criação de espécies colonizadoras. Nosso estudo fornece subsídios para determinar o intervalo post-mortem em investigações policiais e promover a entomologia forense em uma área rural da Amazônia Andina na Colômbia.
Subject(s)
Anaerobic Digestion , Forensic EntomologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Accurate insect specimen identification is usually a crucial first step in a forensic entomological analysis. It is traditionally done by morphological classification using identification keys. However, due to sensibility limitations in the identification of animal species based only on their morphology, new methods have been developed, including species identification by DNA barcodes. The objective of this study was to identify forensically important species of Diptera in Espirito Santo state using DNA barcodes. For this, adult flies were collected in Espirito Santo, Southeast Region of Brazil. After DNA extraction, COI gene was amplified and sequenced. All sequences were matched to BOLD platform and alternatively to GenBank MegaBLAST. As result, 281 adult flies were collected and identified morphologically. From these, 36% of samples were classified as Calliphoridae, 34% of Muscidae and 30% of Sarcophagidae. Approximately 10% of all collected samples were analyzes by DNA. It was possible to identify only 35.7% of tested samples, probably due to lack of samples deposited in databases. Therefore, more efforts should be made to deposit a greater variety of dipterous in databases to allow the use of this technique in forensic routine, especially in BOLD.